National Syndicalism

National Syndicalism is an economically left, authoritarian and culturally right ideology, based upon the beliefs and thinking of Georges Sorel and his nationalist admirers. It opposes the bourgeoisie,  liberal democracy and  secularism.

[[File:Sorelia.png]] Sorelianism
Sorelianism is a revolutionary strand of syndicalism based upon a revisionist conception of  Marxism devoid of materialism, determinism and rationalism. It represents Sorel's most original views and contributions to political thought, among which the most important are his advocacy of proletarian violence and myth (understood as idealized narratives) as a mobilizing revolutionary force. Unlike the distributive focus common among labor movements and theorists, Sorelianism's repudiation of the capitalist bourgeoisie comes from its assessment of them as parasitic agents in the economy that hinder productivity, and that the only true remedy is worker ownership over the means of production. Sorel placed his hopes on a massive general strike which would escalate into class war, concluding with the proletariat ushering in a new order where it would organize society, bolster economic productivity and rescue civilization from bourgeoise decadence.

When syndicalism began to wane in Europe, he was left disillusioned by the proletariat's refusal to carry out its revolutionary duty and its greater incorporation into  democratic politics. Looking for alternative engines of revolution, Sorel discarded Marxism altogether in favor of  integral nationalism and a greater emphasis on  Proudhonism, birthing a unique form of  left-wing nationalism which was expressed in its purest form by Georges Valois' Cercle Proudhon, a social circle affiliated with Action Française. The circle became a laboratory of ideas in which revolutionary syndicalists and integral nationalists bonded over their anti-democratic sentiment and engaged in intellectual exchange that crystalized national syndicalism as a syncretic ideology belonging to a "third position" that was neither right nor left. Its defining characteristic became its total rejection of the bourgeoise order in favor of a new one led by the emancipated and morally reborn proletariat, imbued with revolutionary zeal and upholding an ethic of nationalism,  tradition, productivity, action, heroism and purity.

French national syndicalism was the most leftist-oriented among the ideology's manifestations across the world (being more authentically socialist than its  corporatist-friendly analogues from Italy and Iberia), but it also laid the ideological groundwork for the nascent  French fascism.

[[File:Portuguese-natsynd.png]] Portuguese National Syndicalism
See also: Monarcho-Syndicalism

National Syndicalism in Portugal was characterized by the condemnation of the totalitarianism present in German and Italian societies during the 1930s, its leader, Francisco Rolão Preto, declared during a banquet that the National Syndicalist Movement was "beyond democracy, fascism and communism". The National Syndicalist Movement had a strong Catholic inspiration, with the Order of Christ Cross being their symbol, they were very popular among university students and young soldiers. It endorsed Catholic social teaching, Christian personalism, integralism, municipalism and a restoration of the traditional monarchy and were opposed to communism and capitalism. Its members were also known as the Blueshirts, as they used blue shirts as uniforms.

Its leader, Francisco Rolão Preto declared on an interview to the United Press that:

"Fascism and Hitlerism are totalitarian, divinizers of the state and caesarists: we pretend to find in the Christian tradition of the Portuguese people the formula that allows the harmonization of the sovereignty of the national interest with the moral dignity of free men."

He criticized the Estado Novo for adopting a single-party system typical of fascism, which he hated, due to this criticism, the national syndicalist journal 'Revolução!' was suspended on 24 July. On November of the same year, the national syndicalists split, the majority decided to support Salazar and integrate the party with the União Nacional, abandoning the principles of partisan independence defended by Rolão Preto and Alberto Monsaraz.

On 10 July 1934, Rolão Preto was arrested and subsequently exiled and on 29 July of the same year, national syndicalism was forbidden by the Salazarists.

[[File:JONS.png]] Spanish National Syndicalism
See also: Falangism

Spanish national syndicalism was formulated by Ramiro Ledesma Ramos, one of the first and most important Spanish fascists who drew inspiration from Mussolini's classical fascism. This current of national syndicalism had an integral nationalist element more prominent than its predecesors and its economic vision borrowed the most heavily from  corporatism; for both of these reasons, it was rejected by the  Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, forcing Ledesma to later create his own political group: Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (JONS). JONS mostly focused on setting up trade unions (chief among them being Castille's Agrarian Trade Union Federation) and publishing newspapers promoting the group's ideology.

A few years after the group's founding, it would be merged with the Falange Española of José Antonio Primo de Rivera into the party known as Falange Española de las JONS. The Falange formally adopted national syndicalism as a core ideological component and a recurrent rhetorical focus; in the 27 Points, it called for a revolution that would structure the economy in "national syndicates" where workers and their bosses would be able to negociate with each other, stressing class collaboration within a corporatist model. The Falange entered the Spanish Civil War as part of the Nationalist faction, seeing the conflict as a revolution that would replace the Second Republic with a Falange-led dictatorship and an opportunity to stamp out communism in Spain.

In the final stages of the war, Franco merged the  Falange with the rest of the Nationalist faction's parties into FET y de las JONS under his direct control. After the Nationalist victory and the establishment of Francoist Spain, national syndicalism figured among the regime's ideological foundations, but it lost preponderance compared to the central focus it formerly enjoyed; this reduced influence would steadily decrease further as the Falange's "camisas nuevas" (members recruited during and after the civil war, often less radical and more opportunistic than the pre-war "camisas viejas") and Opus Dei's technocrats achieved greater influence than the national syndicalist old guard at the same time as economic activity liberalized increasingly into  capitalism. The Spanish Syndical Organization operated under the principles of Spanish national syndicalism.

[[File:Fasci.png]] Italian National Syndicalism
See also: Fascism

Italian national syndicalism was the direct precursor of classical fascism, and constituted the main ideological pillar of the Italian fascist movement until 1921 with the founding of the National Fascist Party, further rapprochment with the  Italian Nationalist Association, and the growing influence of Giovanni Gentile's thought on Mussolini and the movement at large.

In parallel with the development of French national syndicalism, Italy saw an ideological rapprochment between radical nationalists and revolutionary  syndicalists, inspired by the fusion of Sorelianism and  Maurrassianism. By the time of World War I, this rapprochment coalesced into national syndicalism after the ideologues involved concluded that national military mobilization had the potential to impose revolutionary change, strengthen national solidarity and organize all classes into a productive socialist model with far more effectivity than proletarian class struggle. These national syndicalists drew from the ranks of socialists who favored Italian intervention in the war and were shunned for it by their anti-militarist socalist peers, among them Mussolini himself.

Much like the French analogue, it called for a rule by a proletarian aristocracy championing an ethic of  nationalism, heroism, vitality and violence against the ethics of both the  liberal bourgeoisie and the  Marxist proletariat. Central to Italian national syndicalism is the concept of proletarian nations (nations poor in influence and resources left to the whims of the great powers, identified as plutocratic nations); the concept of the proletarian nation shifted the revolutionary rhetoric away from the proletariat and towards the nation, with class warfare being conceived not as between proletariat and bourgeoisie but between proletarian nations and plutocratic nations.

Despite national syndicalism's loss of preponderance in classical fascism, it remained a fundamental component of a left-wing current within it known as fascist syndicalism. Fascist syndicalism drew much inspiration from Sorelianism, including proletarian class struggle and direct worker ownership over the means of production; it seeked to instill nationalism, discipline and enthusiasm for labor into the workers as well as give them greater agency within the national production and protect their economic interests.

Cercle Proudhon Eagle design
Sorel_flag.svg
 * 1) Draw a ball.
 * 2) Fill the ball with black.
 * 3) Draw the Cercle Proudhon eagle in red.
 * 4) Draw the eyes and you're done!

Portuguese design
Natsynd_flag2.svg
 * 1) Draw a ball
 * 2) Color it blue
 * 3) In the center, draw a white circle
 * 4) In the circle, draw a red outline of a cross
 * 5) Add the eyes and you're done

JONS design
JONS_flag.svg
 * 1) Draw a ball
 * 2) Fill it black
 * 3) Draw 8 red spokes
 * 4) Draw a black circle in the middle
 * 5) Draw a white claw
 * 6) Add the eyes

Friends

 * [[File:Mutalist.png]] Mutualism - I owe most of my inspiration to you! Wait why are you looking at me weird.
 * [[File:Flang.png]] Falangism - My Spanish son.
 * [[File:BritFash.png]] British Fascism - My British incarnation.
 * [[File:Yellsoc.png]] Yellow Socialism - Syndicalist and Nationalist? Based!
 * [[File:Monsynd.png]] Monarcho-Syndicalism - Tradition and Syndicalism? Mega Based!

Frenemies

 * [[File:Natan.png]] National Anarchism - Love ya bud, but please get a state.
 * [[File:Franco.png]] Francoism - You abandoned national syndicalism for him [[File: Necon.png]]
 * [[File:AnSynd.png]] Anarcho-Syndicalism - Degenerate anarchist progressive, but somewhat based economics. I wish the economics were a bit less left wing, though.
 * [[File:French Fascism.png]] French Fascism - I thought he would follow my ideology but he betrayed France.
 * [[File:ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism - You have some good ideas but I am not [[File:Nazi.png]] Nazi.
 * [[File:Nazbol.png]] National Bolshevism - Too much left-wing economically, syndicates should still have an important role in the national economy, but still overall decent.
 * [[File:Strasser.png]] Strasserism - Too much reactionary and racialist socially, plus you're associated with him [[File:Nazi.png]], but you are still better than him.

Enemies

 * [[File:Cap.png]] Capitalism - Dehumanizing and wasteful system!
 * [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - Your economic and social policy are revolting.
 * [[File:Nazi.png]] National Socialism- He invaded France & put racialism over syndicalist ideals.
 * [[File: Necon.png]] Neoconservatism - Fake conservative, he leaves economic disasters wherever he goes.
 * [[File:Strans.png]] Stransserism and [[File:Hfash.png]] Homonationalism - Intolerable degenerates.

Wikipedia

 * National Syndicalism
 * Sorelianism
 * Fascist syndicalism

People

 * [[File:Cball-France.png]] Georges Sorel
 * [[File:Cball-France.png]] Georges Valois
 * [[File:Cball-Spain.png]] José Antonio Primo de Rivera

Movements

 * [[File:Cball-France.png]] Cercle Proudhon
 * [[File:Cball-Portugal.png]] National Syndicalists
 * [[File:Cball-Spain.png]] Councils of National-Syndicalist Offensive
 * [[File:CBall-Mexico.png]] National Synarchist Union
 * [[File:Castro.png]] Cuban Revolutionary Party – Authentic
 * [[File:Cball-Ecuador.png]] Ecuadorian Nationalist Revolutionary Action (in Spanish)

Literature

 * Declaration of the Cahiers du Cercle Proudhon
 * Sorel and Social Architecture

Gallery
Национал-синдикализм